一种基于参数控制的低轨星载接收机载波跟踪算法CSCD

低轨星座接收机面临大多普勒频移及频繁快速换星等设计约束,对其载波跟踪环路设计提出了较高的动态适应性与跟踪精度要求。针对以上问题,提出了一种基于参数控制的载波跟踪算法。该算法引入环路控制因子参数,将环路滤波器分为牵引和跟踪两阶段。基于理论建模推导环路控制因子的最优参数配置原则,指导实现牵引和跟踪两种状态滤波器的协同配合,在牵引阶段有效引导大多普勒信号快速入锁,在跟踪阶段精确估计载波频移参数,实现基于低轨星载平台的GNSS信号快速准确跟踪。理论与仿真结果均表明基于参数控制的载波跟踪算法能够有效提升环路的动态适应性与跟踪精度,满足低轨星载接收机的设计需求。与传统算法相比,该算法在保证信号跟踪精度的同时,能够将收敛时间缩短78%,且环路设计简单,易于硬件实现。     

以可用度为目标的民用飞机不完全预防性维修间隔优化

民用飞机制造商推荐的初始预防性维修间隔通常不考虑运营环境和维修能力的差异,在满足飞机安全性要求的同时,难以达到可用性的最优状态。基于不完全维修理论,采用役龄回退因子修正部件的可靠性模型,以反映维修工作对于部件性能的影响;结合航空公司运行实际情况,以部件可用度为目标函数,可靠度阈值为约束条件,提出不完全维修策略下的预防性维修间隔优化模型,并以某型飞机的空气起动机航线故障数据进行实例验证。结果表明：在满足可靠度阈值的约束条件下,所建立的维修间隔优化模型得出的最优维修间隔与实际相符,该模型合理可行。     

Periodic atomization characteristics of an impinging jet injector element modulated by Klystron effect

An experimental study on the Klystron effect of periodic injection modulated by pressure drop fluctuations on subsequent atomization is conducted. Time-resolved atomization backlit images and atomization Mie scatter images are captured by using the high speed camera. It is found that periodicity of forced atomization relies on pressure drop fluctuation amplitude and phase differences between atomization and pressure drop fluctuations relate to fluctuation frequencies. This feature of periodic atomization induced by Klystron effect corresponds to periodicities and high amplitudes of pressure fluctuations in unstable combustion chambers and chaos and low amplitudes of pressure fluctuations in stable combustions chambers. Drastically periodic varying of gross surface area of droplets with time was shown in Mie scatter images. The importance of periodic impinging jet atomization modulated by pressure drop fluctuations for acoustic liquid propellant combustion instabilities is illustrated.     

一种带有过渡因子的下压指令设计方法

针对高超声速飞行器由滑翔段转入下压段的过程中运动状态无法快速与制导律进行匹配,从而引起弹道震荡的问题,设计了一种带有过渡因子的下压指令,改善了飞行器的过渡品质。首先,分析了高超声速飞行器平衡滑翔弹道,提出了平滑过渡的基本条件,并引入了一次函数、多项式、正弦、指数形式的过渡因子;然后,设计了3种带有过渡因子的下压指令;最后,通过仿真验证了下压指令的合理性。结果表明,该算法设计出的下压指令计算量小、制导精度高,且具有一定工程应用价值。     

改进的离心压气机滑移因子模型

建立一种基于Qiu模型的改进的离心压气机滑移因子模型。该模型在Qiu模型的基础上,增添二次流项来修正滑移因子,同时考虑了出口叶片角与最大叶片角的差值及相应位置。采用亚声速叶轮Krain4、跨声速叶轮Krain6和IET200叶轮对该改进模型进行CFD验证,并对模型二次流项中常系数c的取值进行讨论。结果表明:与Qiu模型及其他传统滑移因子模型相比,该改进模型的精度较高,平均相对误差在2%以下,适用于亚声速及跨声速离心压气机。      

航天器表面环境散射返回流污染数值模拟和影响因素分析

针对航天器表面出气分子形成的环境散射返回流污染问题,利用试验粒子Monte Carlo方法对圆球和圆柱体简化航天器表面环境散射返回流进行数值模拟。其中,圆球出气表面的计算结果与已有的DSMC(Direct Simulation Monte Carlo)方法计算结果一致,验证了该方法的正确性。此外,对不同长径比的圆柱表面环境散射进行了计算和分析,结果表明:来流方向垂直于圆柱对称轴时,返回分子主要分布在圆柱体侧面的迎风部位;返回通量比随来流与出气分子质量之比的增加逐渐减小,随来流与出气表面温度之比、来流分子速度比和数密度的增加而增大;不同长径比条件下返回通量比相对于上述4个参数的变化具有相似性和递变性,短粗体的返回通量比最小,长细体的最大,正常圆柱体的则居中;返回通量比相对来流攻角的变化在不同长径比条件下不再具有相似性,而是取决于有效迎风面积。     

基于放大因子与Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型的转捩预测

为了验证放大因子输运方程与Spalart-Allmaras(S-A)湍流模型耦合对转捩现象的模拟精度,选取Schubauer and Klebanoff(S-K)平板、S809低速翼型、30p30n多段翼型以及复杂的三维HiLiftPW-1构型进行自由转捩计算,并将计算结果与实验进行比较分析,其中针对S809算例,还与Langtry-Menter(L-M)转捩模型进行了比较.算例结果表明:放大因子输运方程与S-A湍流模型的耦合能够较好的捕捉转捩位置以及转捩发展过程,对分离泡诱导的转捩的模拟相比L-M转捩模型更精确,转捩位置的捕捉精度提升了10%;对比实验,多段翼转捩位置的捕捉误差最大为6.5%;针对三维高升力增升构型,以实验作为参考,全湍流计算与考虑边界层转捩的对比显示考虑边界层转捩能够更加精确的模拟气动力系数,升力和表面摩擦阻力系数的模拟精度精度提升1%.      

我国通用航空应急管理体系构建

低空空域开放是助力我国通用航空迅速发展的重大战略性举措,同时将对通用航空在作业过程中的应急管理带来挑战。文章给出通用航空突发事件的定义,对引起通用航空突发事件的致灾因素从通用航空器、通用航空作业环境、通用航空服务保障情况做一分析。阐述了通用航空应急管理的定义。最后提出了基于应急管理平台的通用航空应急管理体系。     

Analysis of the ionosphere/plasmasphere electron content variability during strong geomagnetic storm

The ionosphere/plasmasphere electron content (PEC) variations during strong geomagnetic storms in November 2004 were estimated by combining of mid-latitude Kharkov incoherent scatter radar observations and GPS TEC data derived from global TEC maps. The comparison between two independent measurements was performed by analysis of the height-temporal distribution for specific location corresponding to the mid-latitudes of Europe. The percentage contribution of PEC to GPS TEC indicated the clear dependence from the time with maximal values (more than 70%) during night-time. During day-time the lesser values (30–45%) were observed for quiet geomagnetic conditions and rather high values of the PEC contribution to GPS TEC (up to 90%) were observed during strong negative storm. These changes can be explained by the competing effects of electric fields and winds, which tend to raise the layer to the region with lower loss rate and movement of the ionospheric plasma to the plasmasphere.     

The effect of spatial truncation error on variance of gravity anomalies derived from inversion of satellite orbital and gradiometric data

The spatial truncation error (STE) is a significant systematic error in the integral inversion of satellite gradiometric and orbital data to gravity anomalies at sea level. In order to reduce the effect of STE, a larger area than the desired one is considered in the inversion process, but the anomalies located in its central part are selected as the final results. The STE influences the variance of the results as well because the residual vector, which is contaminated with STE, is used for its estimation. The situation is even more complicated in variance component estimation because of its iterative nature. In this paper, we present a strategy to reduce the effect of STE on the a posteriori   variance factor and the variance components for inversion of satellite orbital and gradiometric data to gravity anomalies at sea level. The idea is to define two windowing matrices for reducing this error from the estimated residuals and anomalies. Our simulation studies over Fennoscandia show that the differences between the 0.5°×0.5°$0.5°\times 0.5°$ gravity anomalies obtained from orbital data and an existing gravity model have standard deviation (STD) and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 10.9 and 12.1 mGal, respectively, and those obtained from gradiometric data have 7.9 and 10.1 in the same units. In the case that they are combined using windowed variance components the STD and RMSE become 6.1 and 8.4 mGal. Also, the mean value of the estimated RMSE after using the windowed variances is in agreement with the RMSE of the differences between the estimated anomalies and those obtained from the gravity model.